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OBJECTIVES: Previous studies identified a number of diseases were associated with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the associations between these diseases related viral infections and COVID-19 remains unknown now. METHODS: In this study, we utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to COVID-19 from genome-wide association study (GWAS) and individual-level genotype data from the UK biobank to calculate polygenic risk scores (PRS) of 487,409 subjects for eight COVID-19 clinical phenotypes. Then, multiple logistic regression models were established to assess the correlation between serological measurements (positive/negative) of 25 viruses and the PRS of eight COVID-19 clinical phenotypes. And we performed stratified analyses by age and gender. RESULTS: In whole population, we identified 12 viruses associated with the PRS of COVID-19 clinical phenotypes, such as VZV seropositivity for Varicella Zoster Virus (Unscreened/Exposed_Negative: ß = 0.1361, P = 0.0142; Hospitalized/Unscreened: ß = 0.1167, P = 0.0385) and MCV seropositivity for Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (Unscreened/Exposed_Negative: ß = -0.0614, P = 0.0478). After age stratification, we identified seven viruses associated with the PRS of eight COVID-19 clinical phenotypes. After gender stratification, we identified five viruses associated with the PRS of eight COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in the women group. CONCLUSION: Our study findings suggest that the genetic susceptibility to different COVID-19 clinical phenotypes is associated with the infection status of various common viruses.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has rapidly spread throughout the world and become a major threat to human beings. Cytokine storm is a major cause of death in severe patients. Abatacept can suppress cytokines used as antirheumatic drugs in clinical applications. This study analyzed the molecular mechanisms of abatacept treatment for COVID-19. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by analyzing expression profiling of abatacept treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and SARS-CoV-2 infection patients. We found that 59 DEGs were upregulated in COVID-19 patients and downregulated following abatacept treatment. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that immune and inflammatory responses were potential regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, we verified 8 targeting genes and identified 15 potential drug candidates for the treatment of COVID-19. Our study illustrated that abatacept could be a promising property for preventing severe COVID-19, and we predicted alternative potential drugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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This study aimed to evaluate the etiological and clinical characteristics of acute upper respiratory tract infections in children from GuangZhou, China. A total of 2 665 nose swabs specimen collected from children with acute upper respiratory tract infections from Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China during November 2009 to September 2015 were enrolled in this study. There were 1 566 virus positive responses were detected in samples from 2665 child patients with acute upper respiratory infections, with the positive rate of 58.8%. The positive rates were 22.5% for respiratory sycytial virus (RSV), 13.0% for rhinovirus (HRV), 9.0% for influenza virus (FLU), 7.6% for parainfluenza virus (PIV), 6.1% for adenovirus (AdV), 4.0% for human metapneumovirus (HMPV), 3.7% for human coronavirus (HCOV), 3.5% for human Bocavirus (HBOV). There was statistical significant in the detection rates of 8 respiratory viruses in different seasons, with the highest in spring, followed by summer and winter, and lowest in autumn. The respiratory virus infection rate of children gradually decreased with age, with a positive detection rate of 67.0% between children aged 0-3 years. And the respiratory virus detection rate of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. The co-infection rates were higher in child patients aged 0-3 years, and were higher during spring and summer than that of autumn and winter. Cough is the main clinical symptom of acute upper respiratory virus infection, followed by sputum and runny nose. The clinical symptoms are different in children between 8 respiratory virus infections. This study increases our knowledge of the etiological and clinical characteristics of these 8 common respiratory viruses among children with respiratory tract infections. Which might also provide relevant data to guide clinical treatment and prevention.